TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter I Introduction    ……………………………………………………………

Chapter II Theoretical Framework   ……………………………………………..   

Chapter III Data Collecting Technique   ………………………….………………
3.1 Video 1    ……..………………………….....………….…………………….

3.2 Video 2    ……..……………………...……………………………………....     3.3  Video3    ………………………………………………………………………

Chapter IV Result and Discussion…………………………………………………
Chapter V Conclusion    …………………………………………………………..

I. INTRODUCTION

Language is a means of communication. Language is taught to a person since she/he was a baby. Language that is learnt at the first time is called as the first language , native language or mother tongue. There is a distinction between language learning and language acquisition. Language learning is defined as knowing the rules, having a conscious knowledge about grammar. In the other hand, the term of language acquisition refers to a process of a development of ability in a language by using I in natural, communicative situation.

Language development is a process starting early in human life, when a person begins to acquire language by learning it as it is spoken and by mimicry (Jimmy Wales, Wiipedia). Children’s language development moves from simple to complex. Baby talk contributes to mental development, as it helps teach the child the basic function and structure of language. Usually, language starts off all recall of simple words without associated meaning, but as children grow, words acquire meaning, with connections between words being formed. As a person get older, new meaning and new associations are created and vocabulary increases  as more words  are learned. The children learn their first language without conscious instruction from parents or caretakers. They learn their first language through some developmental stages. Those stages later will be discussed in this paper.

II.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Concept of Baby Talk

Baby talk also referred to as caretaker speech, infant-directed speech (IDS) or child-directed speech (CDS) and informally as "motherese", "parentese", or "mommy talk", is a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants. It is usually delivered with a "cooing" pattern of intonation different from that of normal adult speech: high in pitch, with many glissando variations that are more pronounced than those of normal speech. Baby talk is also characterized by the shortening and simplifying of words. Baby talk is similar to what is used by people when talking to their pets (pet-directed speech), and between adults as a form of affection, intimacy, bullying or condescension.

Based on Pica, the characteristics of baby talk are summarized below:

1.      It has shorter, more complete sentence.

2.      The syntax is simplified through use of fewer subordinate clauses and coordinates construction.

3.      The vocal pitch was higher and its range was wider.

4.      The speaking rate was slower, marked by many pauses between utterances, but fewer dysfluencies within them.

5.      The articulation was more precise, with more audible distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants such as t and d.

6.      Phonological features were simplified, for instance in the use of tummy for stomach

7.      Attention to the here and now. The use of present tense verbs and reference to concrete  items within the child’s view,

8.      The use of self reference through kinship terms instead of pronouns.

Possible purposes of baby talk are:

A. Use with infants

Baby talk is more effective than regular speech in getting an infant's attention. Studies have shown that infants actually prefer to listen to this type of speech. Some researchers, including Rima Shore (1997), believe that baby talk is an important part of the emotional bonding process between the parents and their child that help the infants learn the language. More than one language can also be learned because eventually, the child will be clever enough to differentiate the languages. It is easier to learn languages as an infant than as an adult. Other researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Wisconsin confirm that using basic “baby talk” helps babies pick up words faster than usual. Infants actually pay more attention when parents use infant-directed language, which has a slower and more repetitive tone than used in regular conversation.
Colwyn Trevarthen studied babies and their mothers. He observed the communication and subtle movements between the babies and mothers. He has links to music therapy with other theorists.

B. Use with non-infants

The use of baby talk is not limited to interactions between adults and infants, as it may be used among adults, or by adults to animals. In these instances, the outward style of the language may be that of baby talk, but is not considered actual parentese, as it serves a different linguistic function.

How do Children Acquire the Language

No. Children acquire language quickly, easily, and without effort or formal teaching. It happens automatically, whether their parents try to teach them or not.
Although parents or other caretakers don't teach their children to speak, they do perform an important role by talking to their children. Children who are never spoken to will not acquire language. And the language must be used for interaction with the child; for example, a child who regularly hears language on the TV or radio but nowhere else will not learn to talk.

Children acquire language through interaction - not only with their parents and other adults, but also with other children. All normal children who grow up in normal households, surrounded by conversation, will acquire the language that is being used around them. And it is just as easy for a child to acquire two or more languages at the same time, as long as they are regularly interacting with speakers of those languages.

The special way in which many adults speak to small children also helps them to acquire language. Studies show that the 'baby talk' that adults naturally use with infants and toddlers tends to always be just a bit ahead of the level of the child's own language development, as though pulling the child along. This 'baby talk' has simpler vocabulary and sentence structure than adult language, exaggerated intonation and sounds, and lots of repetition and questions. All of these features help the child to sort out the meanings, sounds, and sentence patterns of his or her language.

III. DATA COLLECTING TECHNIQUE

This chapter provides the examples of baby talk that the writer managed to record.

3.1 VIDEO 1

In the living room

Yuni     : ini apanya? (menunujuk ke gambar)

Jihan     : ikan-ikannya

Yuni     : terus ini apanya donk? (menunujuk ke gambar)

Jihan     : tali-tali

Yuni     : oh…. Bukannya tiang listrik ya… ya…

Jihan     : bukan

Yuni     : bukan untuk jemuran baju

Jihan     : bukan untuk naek kesini…hehe (tertawa)

Yuni     : untuk naek kesini. Terus ini apa donk? (menunujuk ke gambar)

Jihan     : pohon-pohon

Yuni     : pohon-pohon…..ini?

Jihan     : bebek

Yuni     : masa bebek diatas awan?

Nisa     : Ini punya sapa hayooo……???

Jihan     : (diem)

Yuni     : dek, tanya lagi donk….. ini bukan apa matahari? (menunujuk ke gambar)

Jihan     : matahari

Yuni     : ini awan bukan?

Jihan     : awan

Yuni     : oh awan

Linda    : itu apa si?

Yuni     : apa itu dek? Itu apa si dek? Itu apa si? Itu apa tu? ( menujuk kearah TV)

Jihan     : Diego

Yuni     : apa?

Jihan     : Diego….. nanti ada yang minta tolong

Yuni     : ada yang minta tolong…. Minta tolong ngapain?

Jihan     : manjat

Yuni     : ohhh… manjat. Ada bahasa inggrisnya juga gag?

Jihan     : itu kakakya?
Yuni     : mana???? Tunjukin geh !!

Jihan     : ini kakaknya

Nisa     : namanya sapa?

Yuni     : namanya?

Nisa     : Alicia

Jihan     : Alicia

Yuni     : oh Alicia….itu apa namany yang dikolam? Itu apa namanya…?

Jihan     : penyu

Yuni     : penyu…penyu laut ya..? hebat katanya dek! Gmn td dia nanya….

  maukah kamu mencari sampah?

Jihan     : sampah itu sampah

Yuni     : oh iya…ya. Terbang dek

Jihan     : ada itu……. Ada itu……

Yuni     : ada apa?? Talinya ya?

Jihan     : (diem)

Yuni     :  itu sampah

Jihan     : sampah

Yuni     : itu apa dek?

Jihan     : (diem)

Yuni     :  itu sampah

Jihan     : sampah

Yuni     : itu satunya yang item?

Jihan     : sampah

Yuni     : bukan, itu batu….. yang itu… tu….